Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, haematological malignancy, and immunosuppression for transplantation and autoimmune disorders have led to a large increase in immunocompromised patients. Neck masses are relatively common in this patient group and include both opportunistic and severe manifestations of common infections, benign hyperplasia, and primary or secondary malignancies. Although biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis, features on cross-sectional imaging may suggest a specific diagnosis or limit the differential diagnosis and facilitate optimal patient management. This article will review critical aspects of neck anatomy, illustrate the spectrum of imaging features, and discuss the interpretative pearls and pitfalls when evaluating neck masses in immunocompromised patients.
Among the salivary glands the parotid is unusual in that it contains lymphoid tissue within its capsule. The focus of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the lymphatic system and this results in a specific HIV-related pathology in the parotid. This 2-year surgical audit of parotid disease in HIV-infected patients in Lusaka shows patients presenting with parotid lymphadenopathy, bilateral diffuse parotid enlargement and parotid lymphoepithelial cysts. Clinical presentation and ma...
Neck masses are a common finding in children and can present a difficult diagnostic challenge. These masses may represent a variety of conditions having a congenital, acquired inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular origin. The fascial spaces and compartments of the neck provide an approach to differential diagnosis, and extensive knowledge of the anatomy and contents of each cervical compartment is mandatory in the diagnosis of pediatric neck lesions. Several imaging techniques, including radiogr...
Objective: Kaposi's sarcoma is a common malignancy in patients infected with HIV but is rarely seen in the major salivary glands. If a patient is known to be HIV-positive, however, Kaposi's sarcoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland masses in addition to the benign and malignant neoplasms that occur in immunocompetent patients. We present a unique case in which an otherwise healthy patient was diagnosed with HIV after resection of his enlarged parotid gland reveal...
Infants and children with neck masses frequently present to the radiologist for further evaluation. The role of the radiologist is to differentiate between conditions using imaging modalities such as ultrasound with colour Doppler, CT and MRI. Where appropriate, the radiologist will also stage lesions for management purposes and aid in guiding aspiration or biopsy. This paper presents a pictorial review of paediatric neck masses and their imaging features. Particular emphasis is applied to the a...
Purpose of reviewTransplant recipients have an increased incidence of cancer compared with the general population. Head and neck sites are involved in more than 50% of patients, and as a result the otolaryngologist should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of posttransplant malignancies.R
Head and neck lesions are encountered in more than 40–50% in patients with immunosuppression (HIV-infected individuals, diabetes mellitus, transplant recipients, patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs or post-radiotherapy). The organs affected are the salivary glands, the lymph nodes, the sinonasal tract, the orbits, the temporal bones, and the pharyngo-laryngeal mucosa. They are mainly involved by granulation tissue, perivascular and perineural inflammation, and neoplasms. In the pediatr...
Lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of 12]. HL is a lymphoma that arises primarily in nodal malignancies that can arise in different nodal and extranodal sites in the head and neck [1–7]. They constitute approximately 3% to 5% of all malignancies and are generally divided into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [8–10]. Cervical lymph nodes can be involved by lymphomas of almost any type and are discussed in the section on nodal lymphomas. Among extranodal head and neck sit...
#2David E. Tunkel(JHUSOM: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)H-Index: 27
Last. Michael A. Kraut(JHUSOM: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)H-Index: 51
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Objective To summarize the radiologic findings in our series of immunocompetent children with NTMA and to review the clinical and laboratory findings, as well as the treatment and clinical courses, in these patients.
Abstract AIMS: The supraclavicular region is a common site for tuberculous and metastatic nodes from infraclavicular carcinomas. Grey scale sonographic features differentiating the two have been previously described. However, as power Doppler sonography is now frequently used in the assessment of neck nodes, power Doppler features that may help to differentiate the two are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 78 patients, power Doppler sonograms of nodes involved by metastases from infraclavicul...
Objectif: Determiner la precision et l'utilite de la tomodensitometrie dans le diagnostic et le traitement des infections profondes du cou. Methode: Etude retrospective de 110 enfants vus sur une periode de 11 ans dans un centre de soins tertiaires pediatriques. Resultats: Quinze enfant traites medicalement (8 avec cellulite et 7 avec abces precoce) se sont ameliores. Sur les 95 autres enfants chez qui 107 sites ont ete draines chirurgicalement, la TDM a predit de facon precise la constatation o...