Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare, heterogeneous, and often hormonally active neoplasms. Nuclear medicine (NM) imaging using single photon- and positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals allows sensitive and highly specific molecular imaging of NETs, complementary to anatomy-based techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy is a whole-body imaging technique widely used for diagnosis, staging and restaging of NETs. The increasing availability of hybrid single-photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT cameras now offers superior accuracy for localization and functional characterization of NETs compared to traditional planar and SPECT imaging. The potential role of positron-emission tomography (PET) tracers in the functional imaging of NETs is also being increasingly recognized. In addition to 2-[ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG), newer positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals such as 18 F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 68 Ga-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) peptides, show promise for the future. This article will summarize the role of current and emerging radiopharmaceuticals in NM imaging of this rare but important group of tumours.
With the increasing utilization of integrated positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using the glucose analogue 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy- d- glucose (FDG) in oncological imaging, it is important for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians to be aware that FDG uptake is not specific for malignancy, as many different physiological variants and benign pathological conditions can also exhibit increased glucose metabolism. Such false-positive FDG uptake often arises outside the ...
Several diagnostic imaging techniques have been used successfully for evaluating patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). These techniques include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/CT, single-photon emission CT (SPECT), and SPECT/CT. This article reviews the various imaging methods and their respective advantages and limitations for use in different types of NETs, in particular carcinoid tumors.
Purpose:To compare lesion detectability of I-123 MIBG scintigraphy with that of high-dose I-131 MIBG and to evaluate incremental benefit of SPECT/CT over planar image for the detection and localization of the lesions in patients with I-131 MIBG therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma an
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, slow-growing neoplasms characterized by their ability to store and secrete different peptides and neuroamines. 1 Some of these substances cause specific clinical syndromes, 2 whereas other may have elevated plasma or urine levels that are not associated with specific syndromes or symptom complexes Unfortunately, there is no Bideal neuroendocrine tumor marker,[ 3 but according to the presentation, the sensitivity and specificity of each marker vary, and it i...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise in most organs of the body and share many common pathologic features. However, a variety of different organ-specific systems have been developed for nomenclature, grading, and staging of NETs, causing much confusion. This review examines issues in the pathologic assessment of NETs that are common among primaries of different sites. The various systems of nomenclature are compared along with new proposal for grading and staging NETs. Although differences persist...
Pheochromocytomas, intra-adrenal paraganglioma, and extra-adrenal sympathetic and parasympathetic paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors derived from adrenal chromaffin cells or similar cells in extra-adrenal sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia, respectively. Serious morbidity and mortality rates associated with these tumors are related to the potent effects of catecholamines on various organs, especially those of the cardiovascular system. Before any surgical procedure is done, pre-op...
Context: Pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) may be better detected by 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine-positron emission tomography (FDOPA-PET) than 123I-metaiodobenzyl-guanidine (123-I-MIBG) scintigraphy. Objective: The objective of the study was to correlate functional imaging results with immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic, and biochemical findings. Design and Setting: Thirty consecutive patients with suspected PHEO/PGL presenting at a tertiary referral centre were invest...
Context: 123I-mIBG scintigraphy has been in clinical use for more than 20 yr for diagnostic assessment of patients with neural crest and neuroendocrine tumors. Prospective validation of the performance characteristics of this method has recently been published. Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to obtain best estimates of performance characteristics of 123I-mIBG imaging for the two most common applications, evaluation of patients with neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Data Sources: Arti...
Background: 18-fluorine-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography (18F-DOPA PET) is a sensitive method for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The advent of PET/computed tomography (CT) has enabled more sensitive and specific lesion identification using various tracers in many other tumors. The aim of this study was therefore to test the hypothesis that combined 18F-DOPA PET/CT more accurately detects MTC lesions than each modality does alone. Methods: Twenty-eight conse...
Last. Jigang Yang(Capital Medical University)H-Index: 14
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BackgroundThe ability of 68Ga-DOTA-SSTR to detect the primary sites of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) remains undetermined, and the clinical benefit of this imaging agent is not clear.PurposeTo evalu...
#2Radek Pudil(Charles University in Prague)H-Index: 18
Last. Alexander R. Lyon(NIH: National Institutes of Health)H-Index: 63
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Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is an important tool in baseline risk assessment and detection of CV disease in oncology patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies. This position statement examines the role of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear cardiac imaging and computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. The Imaging and Cardio-Oncology Study Groups of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the Eur...
Some biomarkers for functioning and non-functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are currently available. Despite their application in clinical practice, results should be interpreted cautiously. Considering the variable sensitivity and specificity of these parameters, there is an unmet need for novel biomarkers to impr ove diagnosis and predict patient outcome. Nowadays, several new biomarkers are being evaluated and may become future tools for the management of NENs. These bioma rkers inclu...
Last. Andrew Scarsbrook(Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust)H-Index: 29
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Aim To assess the feasibility and efficacy of a streamlined single time-point 99mTc-HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide (Tektrotyd) somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) protocol to differentiate pathological uptake by neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) from physiological activity. Methods and materials Tektrotyd imaging in 50 consecutive patients with NETs was reviewed retrospectively. Imaging was independently assessed by two experienced reporters with dual-certification in radiology and nuclear medicine and ...
Last. R. H. Mohiaddin(NIH: National Institutes of Health)H-Index: 16
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Abstract We present a case of a patient with intramyocardial metastases from a carcinoid tumor. These findings were detected using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, with functional metabolic activity analyzed using nuclear imaging and confirmed by histologic findings at surgical biopsy. This case highlights the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of multimodality imaging.
Resumen Objetivos Valorar las variantes fisiologicas, anatomicas y lesiones benignas en estudios por tomografia computada por emision de positrones (PET/TC) con Galio 68 (68Ga)-DOTATATE. Materiales y metodos Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva los informes de PET/TC con 68Ga-DOTATATE y se seleccionaron aquellos en los cuales se mencionaran palabras en el reporte relacionadas a variantes anatomicas, fisiologicas y tumores benignos. El grado de captacion del 68Ga-DOTATATE fue evaluado de forma cua...
#2Ganesh Kumar(AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences)H-Index: 5
Last. Rakesh Kumar(AIIMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences)H-Index: 73
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Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are an uncommon group of pulmonary neoplasms that are typically characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation with relatively indolent clinical behavior. The spectrum of pulmonary NETs ranges from typical carcinoid tumors, which are relatively benign, to highly aggressive small cell carcinoma. Thymic NETs are uncommon but malignant tumors of the thymus gland which are typically characterized by aggressive behavior and malignant potential. This chapter wil...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that has grown greatly in recent years. PET is considered a fundamental tool in oncology, and it also has indications in other fields such as neurology and cardiology. Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the radiopharmaceutical most widely used in PET, the availability of new radiotracers has been a key element in the expansion of the use of PET. These new radiopharmaceuticals have made it possible to study different biological ...