Characterization of biomass and high carbon content coal ash for productive reuse applications

Productively reusing the waste residuals from energy production is an essential component in sustainable disposal and management of energy related waste. In the US, the world’s second largest producer of coal next to China, over 118 million tons of coal combustion by-products are produced each year; only 44% of which are productively reused. In recent decades, advances in lowering CO2, SOX, and NOX emissions from coal combustion have changed the...