Nursing

Gerontology

Quantum mechanics

Scale (ratio)

Health care

Social psychology

Cartography

Economics

Occupational safety and health

Environmental health

Business

Workforce

Physics

Psychology

Absenteeism

Geography

Applied psychology

Demographic economics

Productivity

Presenteeism

Medicine

Economic growth

Pathology

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Workforce productivity has become a critical factor in the strength and sustainability of a company’s overall business performance. Absenteeism affects productivity; however, even when employees are physically present at their jobs, they may experience decreased productivity and below-normal work quality—a concept known as decreased presenteeism. This article describes the creation and testing of a presenteeism scale evaluating the impact of health problems on individual performance and productivity. A total of 175 county health employees completed the 34-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-34). Using these results, we identified six key items to describe presenteeism, resulting in the SPS-6. The SPS-6 has excellent psychometric characteristics, supporting the feasibility of its use in measuring health and productivity. Further validation of the SPS-6 on actual presenteeism (work loss data) or health status (health risk assessment or utilization data) is needed.

Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health Status and Employee Productivity