Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is by-product obtained by burning of fibers, shells and empty fruit bunches as fuel in palm oil mill boilers. In this investigation, three ashes were collected from different palm oil mills around Malaysia and namely CAPOFA, ALPOFA and KTPOFA. The ashes were ground to 45 μm before replace 20% by weight of cement in concrete and mortar. The compressive strength of concretes containing POFA was tested at ages of 7, 28 and 90 days. For durability aspects, concretes and mortars were prepared to investigate the chloride and sulfate resistance respectively in accordance with appropriate ASTM standards. Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) was conducted in accordance with ASTM C1202 to investigate the ability of concretes containing POFA to resist the penetration of chloride ions. Change in length and microstructure study for mortar bars containing POFA immersed in sodium sulfate were conducted to evaluate the effects of sulfate attack on POFA mortars. Concrete and mortar specimens were prepared using plain portland cement in order to use as control specimens. At age of 90 days, the results of compressive strength of all POFA concretes were higher than control concrete. All concretes containing POFA showed higher potential to resist chloride ions penetration compared to control concrete. All mortar bars containing POFA showed lower expansion and less porous structure than control mortar. Depending on the results of this investigation, it could be concluded that POFA could be successfully used as supplementary cementing materials to replace 20% of cement in concrete and mortar.
#2Rahman Saidur(UM: University of Malaya)H-Index: 106
Last. M.S. Hossain(UM: University of Malaya)H-Index: 16
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The cement subsector consumes approximately 12-15% of the total industrial energy use. Therefore, this subsector releases CO2 emissions to the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels to produce energy needed for the cement manufacturing process. The cement industry contributes about 7% of the total worldwide CO2 emissions. This study complied a comprehensive literature in terms of Thesis (MS and PhD), peer reviewed journals papers, conference proceedings, books, reports, websites for emis...
#2Chai Jaturapitakkul(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 2
Last. Kraiwood Kiattikomol(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 17
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This research aims to utilize palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a pozzolanic material for replacing portland cement. POFA was ground by ball milling until the median particle sizes were 19.91 (G1P) and 10.18 μm (G2P). portland cement Type I was replaced by all POFA of 10–40% by weight of the binder. The effects of POFA fineness on the setting times, compressive strength, and expansion of mortars exposed to a 5% MgS O4 solution were investigated. It was found that the use of POFA to replace portland ce...
In this study, waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash. The influence of waste ash, namely palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash and fly ash on compressive strength and sulfate resistance in mortar were studied and evaluated by some accelerated short−term techniques in sodium sulfate solutions. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with ground palm ...
Modern cement plants have high energy efficiencies and the scope to reduce CO2 emissions by further efficiency improvements is small. One of the few ways of greatly reducing CO2 production from cement production is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). This paper summarises a study which assessed the technologies that could be used for CO2 capture in cement plants, their costs, and barriers to their use. The work covered new-build cement plants with post-combustion and oxy-combustion CO2 capture. The b...
#2Obada Kayali(UNSW: University of New South Wales)H-Index: 22
Last. Wendy R. Anderson(UNSW: University of New South Wales)H-Index: 17
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In this study, the two rapid chloride permeability tests; the AASHTO’s rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and the University of Cape Town (UCT) chloride conduction test were employed and compared using concrete specimens cast with effective w/b ratio of 0.48 and applying seven days of curing. Fly ash and blast furnace slag were used in a systematic replacement of cement at the levels of 25%, 50%, and 70%. In addition, silica fume was added at 10% cement replacement. The matrix therefore, wa...
Abstract This paper presents a study of the resistance to chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing ground palm oil fuel ash (POA), ground rice husk ash (RHA) and fine fly ash (FA). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is partially replaced with pozzolan at the dosages of 20% and 40% by weight of cementitious materials. The water to cement ratio is kept constant at 0.5 and the flow of mortar is maintained at 110 ± 5% with the aid of superplasticizer (SP). Compressive strength, ...
Last. Fernando Fonseca(BYU: Brigham Young University)H-Index: 12
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Abstract Strict interpretation of ASTM C 618 excludes non-coal fly ashes, such as biomass fly ashes from addition in concrete. Biomass fly ash in this investigation includes (1) cofired fly ash from burning biomass with coal; (2) wood fly ash and (3) blended fly ash (wood fly ash mixing with coal fly ash). A set of experiments conducted on concrete from pure cement and cement with fly ash provide basic data to assess the effects of several biomass fly ashes on the performances of freezing and th...
#2Chai Jaturapitakkul(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 42
Last. Kraiwood Kiattikomol(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 17
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Abstract This paper presents experimentally investigated the effects of pozzolan made from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. Ground pulverized coal combustion fly ash (FA), ground fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FB), ground rice husk–bark ash (RHBA), and ground palm oil fuel ash (POFA) having median particle sizes less than 11 μm were used to partially replace Portland cement type I to cast high-strength concrete. The results suggest that concrete...
#1Chai Jaturapitakkul(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 42
#2Kraiwood Kiattikomol(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 17
Last. Tirasit Saeting(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 2
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The effects of using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a new pozzolanic material on sulfate resistance in terms of expansion and loss in compressive strength of concretes exposed to 5% MgSO4 solution for up to 24 months were evaluated. POFA was processed to obtain different sized particles: small and medium sizes (SP and MP) were produced by grinding, and the large size (LP) used unground POFA. Portland cement type I was replaced by SP, MP, and LP at a level of 10–40% by weight of binder. Results show...
#2Tirasit Saeting(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 2
Last. Anek Siripanichgorn(King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi)H-Index: 3
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Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a by-product from the palm oil industry, is disposed of as waste in landfills. In this study, POFA was utilized as a pozzolan in concrete. The original size POFA (termed OP) was ground until the median particle sizes were 15.9 μm (termed MP) and 7.4 μm (termed SP). Portland cement Type I was replaced by OP, MP, and SP of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of binder. The properties of concrete, such as setting time, compressive strength, and expansion due to magnesium sulf...
Last. Rami A. Hawileh(AUS: American University of Sharjah)H-Index: 28
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Abstract Cement concrete has been popularly used as a construction material with an approximate annual consumption of 10 billion tons. Increase in urbanization and industrialization increased the demand of concrete materials at recent days. It has been estimated that the cement industry alone generates approximately 6-7% of the total CO2 emissions. These environmental concerns demand the use of alternative renewable and sustainable materials to produce green concrete. Meanwhile, a large amount o...
Last. Nikolai Vatin(Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University)H-Index: 19
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Abstract null null Geopolymer concretes (geocretes) are considered as eco-friendly materials for various building applications. Geocrete has high early strength, less consumption of natural resources, cost-effectiveness, capacity to form different structural configurations and to remain intact for extended periods without repair works. Meanwhile, geocretes have still exhibited an unstable behavior over time compared to traditional cementitious composites. To overcome this disadvantage, hundreds ...
Abstract The performance of cold mix cold-laid emulsified asphalt mixtures is often improved by additives like rice husk ash, fly ash, fibres, and lime for varying applications. High void content, weak early strength, and slow rate of strength gain remain an unsolved challenge for cold mixtures. This study explored the feasibility of utilising palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in a fast-curing cold mix asphalt (CMA) as a filler replacement. Large volumes of POFA waste deposited in landfills continue to p...
Abstract Due to the high amount of carbon dioxide emission from conventional cement production, sustainable alternative cementitious materials are preferred in the construction sector. Earlier studies were focused only on the use of industrial by-products such as fly ash, slag and silica fume as alternative cementitious materials. A comprehensive review of the use of a wide range of agro-waste ashes is highly limited. Therefore, the present review focuses on the potential of several agro-waste a...
Last. Juhana Jaafar(UTM: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)H-Index: 32
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Abstract Long term goals need to be set to promote the country's circular economy (CE) as well as the cleaner environment by recycling waste materials into useful products. In pursuit of controlling environmental threats of carbon-based industrial wastes, different preprocessing techniques for their conversion into other value-added materials are being put in use. This review targets the purposeful utilization of massive amount of palm oil fuel ash (POFA), generated as a waste from power plants ...
Abstract The negative impacts of cement-based material (CBM) production are way bigger than ever expected. To illustrate the scale of this phenomenon, all the forests in the world, regardless of the fact that they are disappearing at an alarming rate, are not enough to offset even half the environmental impact (EI) of global aggregates and cement production. Thus, it is necessary to promote scientific research and guide more researchers and professionals in the construction industry to investiga...
The huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in power plants’ electricity generation. POFA has high pozzolanic chara...
Last. Jian Yang(University of Birmingham)H-Index: 181
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Abstract The rapid development and increasing demand for construction materials have resulted in the underperformance of traditional construction materials. The production of traditional construction materials consumes considerable electricity and nonrenewable resources and causes emission of undesirable carbon dioxide (CO2) gases in the atmosphere. Thus, new environmentally friendly materials in concrete manufacturing should be adopted during preparation to meet the required construction materi...
Last. Vegard Aune(NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 7
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Abstract Approximately 544 million tonnes of fly ash (FA) are generated annually worldwide, 80% of which is disposed of in landfills. Thus, using FA as a replacement for cement has turned out to be popular in construction industries around the world because of its strong properties and crucial role in decreasing the volume of pollutants and CO2 produced by cement production. Meanwhile, the use of Saudi FA (SFA) as a suitable supplemental cementing material to partly substitute cement in the desi...