The Volume-Outcomes Effect in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery: Hospital Versus Surgeon Contributions and Specificity of the Relationship

BACKGROUND: Although the relationship between hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) procedure volume and outcomes is established, the relative importance of hospital and surgeon effects and the specificity of the volume-outcomes effect remain ill-defined. We sought to comprehensively characterize the hospital and surgeon volume-outcomes relationships in high-risk HPB surgery. STUDY DESIGN: The 1998 to 2005 State Inpatient Databases for Florida,...