Doxycycline Inhibits TGF-β1–Induced MMP-9 via Smad and MAPK Pathways in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

To evaluate the effects of TGF-beta1 and doxycycline on production of gelatinase MMP-9 and activation of Smad, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in human corneal epithelial cells.Primary human corneal epithelial cells were cultured to confluence. The cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-beta1 (0.1, 1, or 10 ng/mL), with or...