Tension Chord Model Modification for Uniaxial Unloading and Reloading in Elastic and Plastic States

The bond properties between concrete and steel reinforcement influence structural stiffness and deformation behavior as a result of tension stiffening. In specific cases, the load-bearing capacity of engineering structures depends on the deformation behavior and may be affected by load history because of unloading and reloading (UR) cycles. The bond stress-slip relationship of the original tension chord model was modified to make it applicable...