Ecology

PEST analysis

Noctuidae

Pest control

Agronomy

Biotechnology

Weevil

Biology

Biological pest control

Agriculture

Horticulture

Cutworm

Biological Control

Advances in mass-production and formulation technology of entomopathogenic nematodes, the discovery of numerous isolates/strains and the desirability of reducing pesticide usage have resulted in a surge of scientific and commercial interest in these nematodes. The lessons learned from earlier problems have encouraged scientists and leading commercial companies to increase their efforts toward improving cost efficiency and better product positioning in the market within the confines of product capabilities. The successes or failures of the nematodes against 24 arthropod pest species of agriculture and animals and against a major slug pest in agriculture are discussed in this review. Commercial successes are documented in markets such as citrus (Diaprepes root weevil), greenhouses and glasshouses (black vine weevil, fungus gnats, thrips, and certain borers), turf (white grubs, billbugs, and mole crickets), and mushrooms (sciarid flies). In addition, the successful commercialization of a nematode (Phasmarhabditi...

Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control