TiO2 nanotubes: Self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications

The present paper gives an overview and review on self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers and other transition metal oxide tubular structures grown by controlled anodic oxidation of a metal substrate. We describe mechanistic aspects of the tube growth and discuss the electrochemical conditions that need to be fulfilled in order to synthesize these layers. Key properties of these highly ordered, high aspect ratio tubular layers are discussed. In the...