The high moisture content of an aquatic biomass was used advantageously in a hydrothermal process. Reducing sugars, amino acids, proteins, and crude oil were extracted from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) using subcritically heated water. The highest yields of reducing sugars and amino acids were obtained after treatment at 473 K for 30 min (23.70 ± 0.52 g kg-1 and 4.35 ± 0.09 g kg-1 dry mass respectively), while protein was obtained at 3.60 ± 0.04 g kg-1 feedstock after treatment at 523 K ...
#1Anuradha Baghel(DRDE: Defence Research and Development Establishment)H-Index: 6
#2Beer Singh(DRDE: Defence Research and Development Establishment)H-Index: 25
Last. Pranav K. Gutch(DRDE: Defence Research and Development Establishment)H-Index: 14
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Abstract Active carbon spheres were prepared by chemical activation using acid-pretreated resin beads, composed of sulfonated polystyrene divinylbenzene. Carbonization and activation were carried out simultaneously at various temperature ranges from 200 to 900 °C for 4 h, under gentle fluidization conditions facilitated with N 2 flow. Effect of temperature on carbon burn-off of precursor and surface area of active carbon spheres was also studied. Prepared active carbon spheres were characterized...
Last. Antonio B. Fuertes(CSIC: Spanish National Research Council)H-Index: 81
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Abstract A highly functionalized carbonaceous material (hydrochar) was obtained by means of the hydrothermal carbonization (250 °C) of two representative types of biomass, i.e. eucalyptus sawdust and barley straw. This product has a brown colour; it contains around 50–60% of the carbon originally present in the biomass and it is composed of particles that retain the cellular appearance of the raw material. These particles are covered by microspheres (1–10 μm) which were probably formed as a cons...
The present study analyses the preparation of activated carbon fibres (ACFs) by the so-called “physical” activation method with steam or carbon dioxide and their application for benzene and toluene adsorption at low concentration (200 ppmv). ACFs have been scarcely studied for the adsorption of these pollutants at low concentration in gaseous phase, despite their interesting features regarding adsorption kinetics, bed pressure drop, possibility of conformation and others. Our results have shown ...
Last. Jiaming Zheng(TJU: Tianjin University)H-Index: 11
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Abstract Carbon microspheres were synthesized through polymerization of urea/formaldehyde in the presence of formic acid as catalyst, followed by drying and carbonization in an inert atmosphere. The samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, HRTEM, elemental analysis and XPS. The obtained carbon microspheres were amorphous indicated by the results of XRD and HRTEM. The changes of nitrogen functionalities at 400–1000 °C were determined by XPS. The fraction of pyridine nitrogen and pyrrole/pyridone n...
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass involves contacting raw feedstock with hot, pressurized water. Through a variety of hydrolysis, dehydration, and decarboxylation processes, gaseous and water-soluble products are produced, in addition to water itself and a solid char. In this experimental effort, a 2 L Parr stirred pressure vessel was used to apply the HTC process to a mixed wood feedstock. The effects of the reaction conditions on product compositions and yields were examined by varyi...
Polymer-based spherical activated carbon (PBSAC), produced by means of carbonization and subsequent activation of a polymeric precursor in a batch process represent adsorbents with adjustable pore size distribution and adsorption characteristics. This flexibility results from batch operation and from the possibility to combine different activation media, therefore controlling the mechanisms of pore generation. The geometry and the mechanical properties of PBSAC allow for structuring of filter me...
Abstract The activation process of a spherical activated carbon (SAC) from Kureha Carbon was analysed and the behaviour of these materials to adsorb low concentration volatile organic compounds was studied. Two series of activated carbons were prepared using CO2 or steam as activating atmospheres at 880 and 840 °C, respectively. Activation times between 45 min and 24 h were selected, leading to burn-offs between 21 and 60%. The results show, for similar burn-off percentages, that the porosity de...
article i nfo Hollow carbon spheres were prepared by the reaction between glucose and Zn particles at 550 °C. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies reveal that most of the spheres are about 1-2 µm in diameter, similar to the sizes of the Zn particle. The shells of the spheres are comprised of numerous hollow nanospheres with the diameter of 10-100 nm. The specific surface area of the spheres is 207 m 2 /g. The Zn particles act as both the reactant and the template for the micron-scale ...
In this study, we used coal based activated carbons as starting material and phenolic resin (PR) as a bonding agent to prepare spherical shaped activated carbons. The textural properties of SAC were characterized by BET surface area, XRD, SEM, iodine adsorption, strength intensity and pressure drop. According to the results, the spherical activated carbon prepared with activated carbon and PR at a ratio of 60:40 was found to have the best formation of spherical shape, which was found in sample S...
Abstract null null To achieve carbon neutrality, it is necessary to control carbon-based gas emissions to the atmosphere. Among the various carbon-based gas removal technologies reported to date, adsorption is considered one of the most promising because of its economic efficiency, reusability, and low energy consumption. Activated carbon is widely used to treat different types of carbon-based gases owing to its large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and strong adsorption capac...
Abstract Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from coal-fired power plants is the key to reducing VOCs emissions to the atmosphere. Adsorption on activated carbon (AC) is considered to be an economical and environment-friendly method for removal of these low-concentration VOCs. The VOCs adsorption behaviors on AC were investigated under coal-fired flue gas environment by a fixed-bed reactor. Investigations showed that adsorption capacity of the five aromatic compounds ranged from 12.3 to...
Abstract Activated carbon (AC) injection coupled with bag filtering (ACI+BF) is a promising technology for the organic pollutant treatment in the flue gas of coal-fired power plants. The removal characteristics of six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and adsorption pathways were investigated in a self-designed ACI+BF system. The results suggested that o-xylene had the highest removal efficiency and that was the lowest for benzene, which was influenced by their boiling points and saturated vapor...
Abstract Mercury emission, derived from natural gas exploitation, metal sintering, coal gasification and combustion, gold mining, etc., has posed great threaten to the environment and human beings due to its volatility, mobility, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in ecosystem and food chains. Adsorption using carbon materials is regarded as one of the most promising techniques for mercury emission control due to its simple equipment, convenient operation, high removing efficacy, less secondary pollu...
#1Yu-Ting Chen(NTU: National Taiwan University)H-Index: 3
#2Ying-Pin Huang(ITRI: Industrial Technology Research Institute)H-Index: 3
Last. Hsing-Cheng Hsi(NTU: National Taiwan University)H-Index: 29
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ABSTRACTBeaded activated carbons (BACs) were derived from waste bamboo tar through carbonization (500 °C for 2 hr) followed by physical activation using carbon dioxide (800-900 °C for 2-4 hr). The ...
#1Kangxin Xiao(HUST: Huazhong University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 6
#2Huan Liu(HUST: Huazhong University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 25
Last. Hong Yao(HUST: Huazhong University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 20
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Abstract In order to promote the physicochemical properties and the pollutants adsorption capacities of porous carbon, a novel urea-assisted hydrothermal method was developed to produce N-doped hydrochar as an ideal precursor from orange peel waste. Different from the modification technologies for nitrogen doping, the highly porous carbon prepared by KOH activation of the urea-assisted hydrochar contained extremely low N content. But such sample showed ultra-high specific surface area up to 3053...
Last. Guilin Zhou(Chongqing Technology and Business University)H-Index: 16
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Abstract We used an impregnation method to prepare CuO/AC (activated carbon) composite materials of different CuO content and characterized them via scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effect of CuO content on toluene adsorption/desorption was evaluated. We explored the reusability of AC and AC03 (CuO modified AC with CuO loading 0.3 wt.%) adsorbents via toluene adsorption/desorption cycle testing. We used quas...
Last. Azmatullah Khan(Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences)H-Index: 10
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Abstract For air quality management purposes, numerous materials have been developed and proposed as treatment media for volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde. Of the numerous airborne volatile organic compounds, toluene, a bulk industrial commodity, is a representative airborne pollutant. To date, numerous materials have been tested for the sorptive treatment of toluene, but all of them, including diverse functionalized materials, suffer from varying degrees of s...
Last. Taejin Kim(SBU: Stony Brook University)H-Index: 26
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Abstract Furfuryl alcohol (C5H6O2) (FA) was used as the precursor for the synthesis of approximately 1.0 mm sized polymeric beads (PFAB) via suspension polymerization. The polymeric beads were carbonized and activated to synthesize porous carbon beads (PFAB/C/A) as an efficient adsorbent for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Surface characterization tests revealed the material to be predominantly microporous with the specific surface area measured to be ∼446 m2/g. Raman measurements rev...
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