A Review of Maternal and Fetal Growth Factors in Diabetic Pregnancy

Diabetes mellitus complicates 1-2% of all pregnancies but is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Gestational diabetes affects up to 4% of pregnancies and is associated with fetal macrosomia (large for dates). Fetal growth is a complex process influenced by determinants such as genetics, maternal factors, uterine environment and maternal and fetal hormones. Infants of pre-gestational diabetic mothers have an additional...