Enhanced proton conductivity under low humidity of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite membrane enabled by multifunctional phosphonic acid polymeric submicrocapsules

Phosphonic acid polymeric submicrocapsules (PASCs) are synthesized and incorporated into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) matrix to prepare composite membranes. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the PASCs and the membranes are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier...