Scaling issues in centrifuge modelling of monopiles

This paper deals with three different and important issues for centrifuge testing on monopiles for offshore wind turbines. A series of centrifuge model tests has been conducted on cylindrical stiff model monopiles that were installed at 1g and in-flight before being loaded laterally as well as on conical model piles installed in-flight. All model tests were performed in normally consolidated dense dry sand, simulating drained conditions. The...