High-Density Plasmas Produced by Ultrafast Laser Pulses

We describe temporal and spectroscopic measurements of high-density plasmas produced by focusing intense, 160-fsec laser pulses on solids. Soft-x-ray emission with a duration of 2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 psec is observed up to photon energies of a kilovolt. We observe reduced emission from long-lived spectral lines, indicating the presence of a short-lived, high-density plasma. Reflectivity measurements indicate that absorption of the laser...