Multi-scale modeling of the progressive damage in cross-ply laminates under thermal and mechanical loading

The progressive damage in cross-ply laminates was modeled by discrete element method (DEM). A particle radius expansion method was used to account for thermal loading applied to cross-ply laminates in which nominal fibers were introduced in the 0° plies so as to achieve the anisotropic thermal expansion behaviors. A series of convergence and validation tests of both mechanical and thermal properties of the 0° plies with nominal fibers have been...