Constituents of the flowers of Platycodon grandiflorum with inhibitory activity on advanced glycation end products and rat lens aldose reductase in vitro

In an ongoing project directed toward the discovery of novel treatments for diabetic complications from traditional herbal medicines, fifteen compounds, apigenin (1), apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin (4), luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), luteolin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), isorhamnetin-3-Oneohesperidoside (7), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8), chlorogenic acid...