Re-evaluation of mode I bridging traction modelling for z-pinned laminates based on experimental analysis

This paper re-evaluates the crack bridging traction analysis used to calculate the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of z-pinned fibre–polymer laminates. Existing bridging traction models use several simplifying assumptions about the physical condition and failure mode of z-pins embedded within laminates which compromises their numerical accuracy. Microstructural analysis and z-pin bridging traction tests revealed that misalignment of...