Estimation of Patient Dose and Associated Radiogenic Risks From Fluoroscopically Guided Pedicle Screw Insertion

In Brief Study Design. An experimental model for the assessment of patient dose and associated radiogenic risks associated with pedicle screw internal fixation surgical procedures. Objectives. To provide data for the accurate determination of patient effective dose, gonadal dose, and entrance skin dose from fluoroscopically assisted pedicle screw insertion procedures and to investigate the potential of both stochastic and deterministic...