Communication

Construct (python library)

Accounting

Computer science

Business

Corporation

Sociology

Liability

Multinational corporation

Programming language

Finance

Affect (linguistics)

Journal of International Management

This article examines the liabilities of foreignness construct and discusses key methodological and research design issues facing liability of foreignness researchers. After reviewing past studies and more recent liabilities of foreignness research, I discuss definitional issues related to this construct. I then present a two-part research framework designed to first help identify a specific liability of foreignness in a focal country, and then help identify factors that minimize the effects of that specific liabilities of foreignness. I also discuss multinational management issues at the corporation level that likely affect liabilities of foreignness experienced at the foreign subsidiary level.

How to identify liabilities of foreignness and assess their effects on multinational corporations