Goal setting

Motivation theory

Epistemology

Empirical research

Philosophy

Cognitive psychology

Management

Psychology

Economics

Microeconomics

Core (optical fiber)

Relation (database)

Goal theory

Incentive

Computer science

Task (project management)

Applied psychology

Telecommunications

Database

Social psychology

Goal orientation

American Psychologist

The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. The external validity and practical significance of goal-setting theory are explained, and new directions in goal-setting research are discussed. The relationships of goal setting to other theories are described as are the theory's limitations.

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.