Facial injury: A review of biomechanical studies and test procedures for facial injury assessment

A review of biomechanical studies that have attempted to measure fracture tolerances of facial bones has been carried out. The particular bones of interest were the mandible, the zygoma, the maxilla and the nasal bones. Numerical values have been given for the peak force and pressure fracture tolerances for these bones. A study of these values illustrates just how variable the bone strength of various individuals is. A review of various methods...