Battery (electricity)

Quantum mechanics

Engineering

Lithium (medication)

Materials science

Endocrinology

Systems engineering

Power (physics)

Computer science

Physics

Nanotechnology

Energy storage

Energy density

Electronics

Medicine

Electrical engineering

Engineering physics

Nature

Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries, highlight ongoing research strategies, and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems.

Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries