Effectiveness and Reliability of Selected Site Pacing for Avoidance of Phrenic Nerve Stimulation in CRT Patients with Quadripolar LV Leads: The EffaceQ Study

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) relies on sufficient left ventricular (LV) pacing with safety margin to phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). Previous studies introduced LV vector reprogramming in bipolar coronary sinus leads to optimize LV pacing and avoid PNS. We investigated the efficacy and reliability of quadripolar leads in CRT.The EffaceQ study enrolled 344 patients with de novo CRT implantation with a quadripolar LV lead in an...