Autocrine activation of canonical BMP signaling regulates PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 expression in human dendritic cells

Bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP s) are multifunctional growth factors regulating differentiation and proliferation in numerous systems including the immune system. Previously, we described that the BMP signaling pathway is functional in human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells ( M o DC s), which were found to express both the specific receptors and the Smad proteins required for signal transduction. In this study, we provide evidence that human...