Intraorbital injection of rituximab: a new approach for active thyroid-associated orbitopathy, a prospective case series.

The aim of this paper was to examine the efficacy and the safety of intraorbital administration of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (RTX) to treat patients affected by thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) unresponsive to conventional therapy.Five patients with active moderately-severe TAO unresponsive to systemic glucocorticoids were studied. After a complete ophthalmological examination, disease activity and severity were assessed by...