Objectives To report photographic evidence of eyebrow tissue expansion in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and to demonstrate consistency in grading through the use of standardized photographs. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients referred for evaluation of TAO in an orbitofacial tertiary care center between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. A grading key was produced with representative views of each of 4 grades (0 [no expansion] to 3 [severe expansion]), cor...
Objective To characterize the phenotype of a white patient with occult macular dystrophy (OMD) and her clinically unaffected family members and to determine whether similar mutations were present in the RP1L1 gene in this family. Occult macular dystrophy is a rare macular dystrophy with central cone dysfunction hidden behind a normal fundus appearance that has been attributed to a mutation in the retinitis pigmentosa 1–like 1 (RP1L1) gene in 4 Japanese families. Methods In this observational cro...
Emily Dickinson is one of America's premier poets of the 19th century. Henry Willard Williams, MD, was one of the very first physicians to limit his practice to ophthalmology and was the established leader in his field in Boston, Massachusetts. They met during the time of the Civil War, when Emily consulted him about her ophthalmic disorder. No records of the diagnosis survive. Photophobia, aching eyes, and a restriction in her ability to work up close were her main symptoms. Iritis, exotropia, ...
mentosa. Hahn et al 1 have documented higher iron levels in eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration than in eyes of age-matched controls (particularly chelatable iron deposition in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch membrane). Because iron catalyzes the Fenton reaction (which produces hydroxyl radical), these results may mean that ironmediated oxidative stress contributes to retinal degeneration in age-related macular degeneration. Furthermore, mice deficient in the ferroxid...