In Japan, medical costs are increasing annually, and the increase in national medical costs, particularly in the direct cost of managing adverse drug events, is high. An in-depth understanding of these costs is important for their reduction. This study aimed to calculate the direct cost of managing adverse drug events in all ages, including older adults, and that of avoidable adverse drug events in older adults. We conducted a retrospective survey on patients aged 1 year or older who visited Gif...
An emerging number of studies address the involvement of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. Different cytokines and molecules, such as prostaglandin (PG) E2, are associated with neuroinflammatory processes. The active acetaminophen metabolite AM404 has been shown to prevent inflammation and neuroinflammation in primary microglia and organotypic hippocam...
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) seeds are edible crop classified as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Adlay bran (AB) is one of the wastes generated during adlay refining processes. In this work, supercritical fluid extract of AB (AB-SCF) was investigated to reveal its lipid regulating potential and decode its bifunctional ingredients. AB-SCF×0.5 (30.84 mg/kg/body weight), AB-SCF×1 (61.67 mg/kg/BW), AB-SCF×5 (308.35 mg/kg/BW) and AB-SCF×10 (616.70 mg/kg/ BW) were adm...
Objectives: This study intended to investigate whether sestrin2 (Sesn2) overexpression could prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via an AMPKα2 dependent pathway through conditional knockout of AMPKα2. Methods and results: Sesn2 expression was significantly increased in mice hearts at 2 and 4 weeks after aortic banding (AB) surgery, but decreased to 60%-70% of the baseline at 8 weeks. Sesn2 overexpression (at 3, 6, and 9 folds) showed little cardiac genetic toxicity in transgene...
Claudins are transmembrane proteins constituting one of three tight junction protein families. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disease activity dependent changes in expression of certain claudins have been noted, thus making certain claudin family members potential therapy targets. A study was undertaken with the aim of exploring expression of claudins in human disease and two different animal models of IBD; dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis, and adoptive transfer ...
Aim: Anti-angiogenesis agents have been added as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer over the past decade. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis therapy in newly diagnosed and relapsed ovarian cancer. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for all phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy and toxicity of anti-angiogenesis agents in ovarian cancer. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (...
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a disease that is characterized by high mortality and disability. Recent studies have shown that LncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play roles in the occurrence and development of cerebral I/R injury by regulating different signaling pathways. However, no systematic analysis of ceRNA mechanisms in IS has been reported. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms of LncRNA-mediated ceRNA networks under I/R injury. The expression levels of LncRNAs...
Objective: Metabolic disorders (MD) can disturb intracellular metabolic processes. A metabolic disorder can be resulted from enzyme deficits or disturbances in function of various organs including liver, kidneys, pancreas, cardiovascular and endocrine system. Some herbs were used traditionally for spice, food additive, dietary and medicinal purposes. Medicinal plants possess biological active compounds that provide human health. We aimed to provide evidences about therapeutic effects of some med...
Mucosal epithelial cell integrity is an important component of innate immunity and it protects the host from an environment rich in microorganisms. Virulence factors from Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) induce significant pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors reduce cytokine expression in a variety of inflammatory models and may therefore have therapeutic potential for a number of inflammatory diseases. We tested the anti-inflammatory the...
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