Key studies published in 2021 demonstrated mechanisms that drive macrophage–fibroblast pathogenicity in Crohn’s disease, developed multi-omics profiles to predict response to biological therapy, and suggested potential complementary treatments and new therapeutic agents in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. These results represent important progress towards precision medicine for patients with IBD.
#1Jacqueline N. Chu(MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology)H-Index: 5
#2Giovanni Traverso(MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology)H-Index: 32
Gastrointestinal-based drug delivery is considered the preferred mode of drug administration owing to its convenience for patients, which improves adherence. However, unique characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (such as the digestive environment and constraints on transport across the gastrointestinal mucosa) limit the absorption of drugs. As a result, many medications, in particular biologics, still exist only or predominantly in injectable form. In this Review, we examine the fundamen...
Last. Bernd Schnabl(VHA: Veterans Health Administration)H-Index: 67
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Although bacteriophages have been overshadowed as therapeutic agents by antibiotics for decades, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease have brought them back into focus. In this Perspective, we briefly introduce basic phage biology and summarize recent discoveries about phages in relation to their role in the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic...
In 2021, transcriptome analysis of the mouse and human gut advanced our understanding of the cellular composition, development and surrounding non-neural context of the enteric nervous system (ENS). A role for the ENS in tuning regulatory T cell proportions contributed insights into the dependency between the ENS, immune system and microbiota.
#2Amaia Lujambio(MSSM: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)H-Index: 25
In 2021, our understanding of resistance to therapy in primary liver tumours improved drastically. By taking a holistic approach, three independent studies have characterized the tumour cell biodiversity across space, time and aetiologies in primary liver cancer, decoding the crosstalk between different cell types within the tumour ecosystem and their individual contributions to therapy resistance.
Last. Ulrich Beuers(UvA: University of Amsterdam)H-Index: 80
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IgG4-related conditions affecting the digestive tract are part of a multi-organ fibro-inflammatory disorder termed IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), with autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related cholangitis being the most prominent manifestations. Gastrointestinal symptoms include jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain, biliary strictures, and pancreatic and hepatic masses that mimic malignant diseases. IgG4-RD manifestations occur less frequently elsewhere in the digestive tract, namely in the oes...
#1Melissa Schmidt(QMUL: Queen Mary University of London)H-Index: 1
#2Richard Hackett(QMUL: Queen Mary University of London)H-Index: 1
Last. Trevor A. Graham(QMUL: Queen Mary University of London)H-Index: 45
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Cancer development is a dynamic evolutionary process characterized by marked intratumoural heterogeneity at the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic levels. Barrett oesophagus, the pre-malignant condition to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is an exemplary system to longitudinally study the evolution of malignancy. Evidence has emerged of Barrett oesophagus lesions pre-programmed for progression to EAC many years before clinical detection, indicating a considerable window for therapeutic interven...
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