Quantum mechanics

Detector

Scale (ratio)

Off the shelf

Operating system

Training (meteorology)

Telecommunications

Selection (genetic algorithm)

Computer science

Physics

Generative grammar

Discriminator

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Scratch

Artificial intelligence

Software engineering

Meteorology

Training set

Machine learning

The advent of large-scale training has produced a cor-nucopia of powerful visual recognition models. However, generative models, such as GANs, have traditionally been trained from scratch in an unsupervised manner. Can the collective “knowledge” from a large bank ofpretrained vision models be leveraged to improve GAN training? If so, with so many models to choose from, which one(s) should be selected, and in what manner are they most effective? We find that pretrained computer vision models can signif-icantly improve performance when used in an ensemble of discriminators. Notably, the particular subset of selected models greatly affects performance. We propose an effective selection mechanism, by probing the linear separability between real and fake samples in pretrained model embed-dings, choosing the most accurate model, and progressively adding it to the discriminator ensemble. Interestingly, our method can improve GAN training in both limited data and large-scale settings. Given only 10k training samples, our FID on LSUN Catmatches the StyleGAN2 trained on 1.6M images. On the full dataset, our method improves FID by 1.5 to 2x on cat, church, and horse categories of LSUN.

Ensembling Off-the-shelf Models for GAN Training