Microwave

Detector

Engineering

Telecommunications

Computer science

Oscilloscope

Finite-difference time-domain method

Physics

Microwave imaging

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Optics

Electronic engineering

Internal medicine

Artificial intelligence

Medicine

Deep learning

Artificial neural network

Ultra-wideband

Breast cancer

Convolutional neural network

Cancer

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Ultrawideband (UWB) microwave detection technology, which is low cost and harmless, has been intensively studied and developed for breast cancer detection. In this study, a composite end-to-end framework that consists of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed, which can realize the tasks of detecting and quadrant locating the breast tumor simultaneously without any complicated microwave imaging processing. In order to verify the proposed network, three datasets are constructed. First, the microwave signals are solved by the auxiliary differential equation-finite-difference time-domain (ADE-FDTD) solver and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived breast models with varied breast densities. Then, Simulation datasets 1 and 2 with varied dielectric properties are constructed. Furthermore, an experimental dataset is constructed through an experimental system consisting of the UWB pulse generation module, UWB antennas, the realistic breast phantom, and sampling oscilloscope. With the proposed network, the overall prediction accuracies of the three datasets reach 99.56%, 98.94%, and 89.50%. These promising results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed deep learning framework for microwave breast cancer detection.

Detection and Localization of Breast Cancer Using UWB Microwave Technology and CNN-LSTM Framework