Nursing

Quality (philosophy)

Air pollution

Random forest

Scale (ratio)

Philosophy

Ecology

Biology

Public health

Low income

Developing country

Cartography

Economics

Computer science

Ho chi minh

Environmental health

Organic chemistry

Geography

Epistemology

Population

Environmental science

Gradient boosting

Artificial intelligence

Air quality index

Megacity

Medicine

Economy

Chemistry

Economic growth

Meteorology

Socioeconomics

Machine learning

Urban Climate

Outdoor air pollution damages the climate and causes many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, and lung damage. In particular, Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is considered a hazardous air pollutant to human health. Accurate hourly forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations is thus of significant importance for public health, helping the citizens to plan the measures to alleviate the harmful effects of air pollution on health. This study analyses and discusses the temporal characteristics of PM2.5 at different locations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam - an economic center and a megacity in a developing country with a population of 8.99 million people. We developed several AI-based one-shot multi-step PM2.5 forecasting models, with both an hourly forecast granularity (1 h to 24 h) and a 24-h rolling mean. These Machine Learning algorithms include Stochastic Gradient Descent Regressor, hybrid 1D CNN-LSTM, eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regressor, and Prophet. We collected the data from six monitoring stations installed by the HealthyAir project partners at different locations in HCMC, including traffic, residential and industrial areas in the city. In addition, we developed a suitable model training protocol using data from a short period to address the non-stationarity of PM2.5 time series. Our proposed PM2.5 forecasting models achieve state-of-the-art accuracy and will be deployed in our HealthyAir mobile app to warn HCMC citizens of air pollution issues in the city.

AI-based air quality PM2.5 forecasting models for developing countries: A case study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam