power sharing

optimal power

distribution network

distributed generation

energy resources

microgrid

demand response

distribution networks

power loss

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Nowadays, decentralized microgrids (DC-MGs) have become a popular topic due to the effectiveness and the less complexity. In fact, DC-MGs resist to share their internal information with the distribution system operator (DSO) to protect their privacy and compete in the electricity market. Further, lack of information sharing among MGs in normal operation conditions leads to form a competitive market. However, in emergency operation conditions, it results numerous challenges in managing network outages. Therefore, this paper presents a hierarchical model consisting of three stages to enhance the resilience of DC-MGs. In all stages, the network outage management is performed considering the reported data of MGs. In the first stage, proactive actions are performed with the aim of increasing the network readiness against the upcoming windstorm. In the second stage, generation scheduling, allocation of mobile units and distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) are operated by DSO to minimize operating costs. In the final stage, the repair crew is allocated to minimize the energy not served (ENS). Uncertainties of load demand, wind speed and solar radiation are considered, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is investigated by integrating to the 118-bus distribution network. Finally, the results of the simulation indicate that DFR and proactive actions decrease the ENS by 19,124 kWh and 4101 kWh, respectively. Further, the sharing of information among MGs leads to a 48.16% growth in the supply service level to critical loads, and consequently a 3.47% increase in the resilience index. • Presenting a hierarchical framework for distribution system resilience enhancement. • Increasing network readiness through performing proactive actions. • Sending mobile units to sensitive nodes to reduce ENS and accelerate system recovery. • Reducing ENS in critical consumers through data sharing among DC-MGs. • Reducing computational burden by dividing the problem to the three-stage.

A hierarchical scheduling framework for resilience enhancement of decentralized renewable-based microgrids considering proactive actions and mobile units