Gender studies

Sociology

Archaeology

Solidarity

Social science

Economic growth

Psychotherapist

Politics

Agriculture

Agency (philosophy)

Shadow (psychology)

Political science

Tourism

Psychology

Economics

Geography

Precarity

Context (archaeology)

Livelihood

Mountaineering

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

This article focuses on the crisis of precarious work/livelihoods that pervades the global tourism industry and prevents many from experiencing fair and just employment. Drawing on an ethnographic study of high-altitude mountaineering tourism in the Himalaya, we explore the various ways in which mountain workers are precarious, vulnerable, marginalised and often overlooked in the context of cross-border tourism practices. Drawing on concepts of justice and fairness we argue that the ongoing racial and social contours of colonialism give privileges to some bodies and not "Others," entrenching precarity of vulnerable communities and workers. However, despite these unfavourable conditions, local workers are not without agency to shape their conditions and experiences. Mountain workers on Everest provide an example of how, despite their precarity, workers can self-organise and exercise their voice to secure more just and equitable work. Decent work, secure livelihoods, and equality are core features of the sustainable development goals and will only be achieved through collective action, solidarity from different tourism stakeholders and the realisation of fair and just employment practices for the most vulnerable communities.

In the shadow of the mountain: the crisis of precarious livelihoods in high altitude mountaineering tourism