Sociology

Qualitative research

Social science

Engineering

Transport engineering

Data science

Warning signs

Computer science

Medicine

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Fraudulent research exists but can be difficult to spot. Made-up studies and results can affect systematic reviews and clinical guidelines, causing harm through incorrect treatments and practices. Our aim was to explore indicators of research fraud that could be included in a screening tool to identify potentially problematic studies warranting a closer scrutiny.

Experts identified warning signs of fraudulent research: a qualitative study to inform a screening tool