Quantum mechanics

Overvoltage

Voltage

Engineering

Reliability engineering

Systems engineering

Ground

Systems design

Power (physics)

Limit (mathematics)

Earthing system

Electrical impedance

Physics

Mathematics

Electric power system

Mathematical analysis

Electrical engineering

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

The selection of a grounding configuration and design of a grounding impedance is of vital importance for the stability and functionality of power systems, including industrial and commercial power systems. These key aspects of grounding systems have been the subject of various standards, industrial codes, and recommended practices. In this article, a review, modeling, and analysis of different grounding system designs are provided. The different grounding system design discussed in this article is compared in terms of the ground potential, ground currents, and overvoltage during ground faults. The various grounding system designs are implemented for power systems components in order to assess their capabilities and performance. Several tests are conducted for ground faults, when different grounding system designs are used. Test results show that some grounding system design can limit ground currents, with minor effects on ground potentials. Other grounding system design can limit ground potentials, while fail to limit ground currents.

The Analysis, Modeling, and Capabilities of Grounding System Designs