Physics

Operator (biology)

Integrable system

Trigonometry

Mathematics

Transcription factor

Gene

Optics

Mathematical analysis

Tangent

Trigonometric functions

Repressor

Chemistry

Sine

Geometry

Computer science

Trigonometric integral

Biochemistry

Inverse trigonometric functions

PhotoniX

In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compact unit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specific input values is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. An electromagnetic wave (EM)-based optical diffractive neural network with only one hidden layer is physically built to perform four trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent functions). Under the unique composite input mode strategy, the designed optical trigonometric operator responds to incident light source modes that represent different trigonometric operations and input values (within one period), and generates correct and clear calculated results in the output layer. Such a wave-based operation is implemented with specific input values, and the proposed concept work may offer breakthrough inspiration to achieve integrable optical computing devices and photonic signal processors with ultra-fast running speeds.

Deep learning-enabled compact optical trigonometric operator with metasurface