axial load

nonlinear finite

concrete-filled steel

cold-formed steel

deep beams

rc columns

concrete columns

local buckling

steel tube

frp tube

Thin-Walled Structures

Concrete-Encased Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CECFST) columns are a new type of composite columns that possess great strength, stiffness, ductility, corrosion and fire resistance. To fully realise their benefits, an accurate design approach of calculating the strength of these members is necessary. In this paper, the plastic stress distribution (PSD) and load contour (LC) methods in the design code of predicting the cross-section strength of CECFST columns is first evaluated through numerical and published experimental data. Considering the shortcomings of conventional design methods, a unified design approach is then developed. Compared to the conventional PSD method, the developed method can yield conservative resistance predictions for uniaxial eccentric loaded (UEL) CECFST columns. In addition, instead of using linear moment interaction curves to predict the strength of biaxial eccentric loaded (BEL) CECFST columns, elliptical moment interaction curves are adopted in the proposed design approach. Most importantly, a normalised 3D axial-load–biaxial-moment ( n – m y – m z ) interaction surface can be generated through the proposed method, which only requires determining 6 critical points on the interaction surface. Unlike the conventional design approach, in which the UEL and BEL composite columns need to be respectively designed through PSD and LC methods, a unified design procedure can be achieved through the proposed approach. Besides, the confinement effect from both the steel tube and the stirrups can also be considered in the proposed approach and much higher accuracy and consistency can be achieved in predicting the cross-section strength of CECFST columns. • The applicability of current design methods is evaluated for CECFST columns. • The effects from geometry and material on the cross-section strength of CECFST columns are numerically investigated. • An analytical procedure for generating a interaction failure surface for square CECFST columns is developed. • A unified design approach is proposed for ...

Derivation of a normalised failure surface for square CECFST columns embedded with circular steel tube: A unified approach