Engineering

Curing (chemistry)

Metallurgy

Materials science

Calcium

Relative humidity

Carbonatation

Silicate

Chemical engineering

Waste management

Thermodynamics

Carbonation

Physics

Cement

Calcium silicate

Environmental science

Composite material

Cement and Concrete Composites

The manufacture of cement is associated with a large amount of CO2 emissions. Mineral carbonation technology (MCT) has been identified as one of the viable solutions to reduce the high environmental impacts of cement and concrete production via a long-term storage of atmospheric CO2 as stable forms of carbonates in cement-based products. This article reviews the status quo of hydration and carbonation activities of all calcium silicates system, especially three main non-hydraulic calcium-silicate-based binders (e.g. γ-C2S, C3S2 and CS). The influence of mineral structure on the types of carbonation products is examined to fundamentally explain the evolution of carbonation products and provide a solid theoretical basis for a wider application of carbonation technology in the future. Finally, effective measures to improve the carbonation performance are comprehensively discussed from the aspects of CO2 concentration, relative humidity, carbonation temperature, W/C ratio, etc., to highlight the potential of non-hydraulic calcium-silicate-based binders in reducing the global cement-associated CO2 emissions.

Review on CO2 curing of non-hydraulic calcium silicates cements: Mechanism, carbonation and performance