Quantum mechanics

Scale (ratio)

Demography

Pedestrian

Engineering

Philosophy

Transport engineering

Walkability

Cartography

Association (psychology)

Archaeology

Civil engineering

Computer science

Environmental health

Physics

Psychology

Built environment

Geography

Macro

Psychotherapist

Epistemology

Population

Sociology

Medicine

Programming language

Operationalization

Traffic volume

Volume (thermodynamics)

Cities

Many studies have confirmed that the characteristics of the built environment affect individual walking behaviors. However, scant attention has been paid to population-level walking behaviors, such as pedestrian volume, because of the difficulty of collecting such data. We propose a new approach to extract citywide pedestrian volume using readily available street view images and machine learning technique. This innovative method has superior efficiency and geographic reach. In addition, we explore the associations between the extracted pedestrian volume and both macro- and micro-scale built environment characteristics. The results show that micro-scale characteristics, such as the street-level greenery, open sky, and sidewalk, are positively associated with pedestrian volume. Macro-scale characteristics, operationalized using the 5Ds framework including density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit, are also associated with pedestrian volume. Hence, to stimulate population-level walking behaviors, policymakers and urban planners should focus on the built environment intervetions at both the micro and macroscale.

Examining the association between the built environment and pedestrian volume using street view images