Quantum mechanics

Engineering

Electronic stability control

Cartography

Control engineering

Actuator

Power (physics)

Regenerative brake

Computer science

Electric vehicle

Mechanical engineering

Engine braking

Hydraulic brake

Thermodynamics

Physics

Torque

Geography

Work (physics)

Automotive engineering

Mechatronics

Brake

Train

Retarder

Electronic brakeforce distribution

Electric motor

Electrical engineering

International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Application of regenerative braking on electric vehicles has a large impact on several aspects of design, implemented functionalities and overall performances of road vehicles. In particular, multi-quadrant capabilities and improved control performances of modern electric drives can be fully exploited to improve vehicle efficiency, stability and overall environmental impact. Conventional, mechanical friction brakes are currently devoted not only to stop the vehicle but also to the actuation of safety related mechatronics systems such as electronic braking distribution (EBD), AntiBlockierSystem (ABS) and electronic stability control/program (ESC/ESP). The result is an over-actuated system of electrical (electric motors) and mechanical actuators (friction brakes), whose mixed, blended application has to be carefully optimised. In this work a simplified approach is proposed in which concepts transferred from previous studies on high speed trains and autonomous vehicles are re-purposed and adapted in an innovative way to electric road vehicles.

Brake blending and torque vectoring of road electric vehicles: a flexible approach based on smart torque allocation