Catalysis

Engineering

Organic synthesis

Mechanochemistry

Metallurgy

Materials science

Reactive extrusion

Ball mill

Biochemical engineering

Physics

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Continuous flow

Flow (mathematics)

Process engineering

Chemistry

Mechanics

Extrusion

Chemical Society Reviews

Rapid and wide-ranging developments have established mechanochemistry as a powerful avenue in sustainable organic synthesis. This is primarily due to unique opportunities which have been offered in solvent-free - or highly solvent-minimised - reaction systems. Nevertheless, despite elegant advances in ball-milling technology, limitations in scale-up still remain. This tutorial review covers the first reports into the translation from "batch-mode" ball-milling to "flow-mode" reactive extrusion, using twin-screw extrusion.

Continuous flow mechanochemistry: reactive extrusion as an enabling technology in organic synthesis