Spectral line

Spectroscopy

Quantum mechanics

Metallurgy

Materials science

Radiation damage

Nuclear physics

Tungsten

Neutron

Positron annihilation

Physics

Irradiation

Astronomy

Positron annihilation spectroscopy

Microstructure

Positron

Composite material

Electron

Void (composites)

Dislocation

Doppler broadening

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

The identification of defects in neutron damaged materials is essential for elucidating the correlation between the microstructure and the properties of a material. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is very sensitive in open volume defects and thus a useful tool for the investigation of the radiation damage in matter. Tungsten is a critical material for the first wall and divertor of fusion reactors. In the current work, the evolution of the open volume defects in tungsten (W) materials neutron irradiated to 0.12 displacements per atom (dpa) and in the temperature range from 600 to 1200 °C in the Belgian Material Test Reactor BR2 is investigated by positron annihilation lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy. Three tungsten grades were studied: W(100) single crystal, ITER grade forger bar and heavily deformed “cold”-rolled sheet. PAS results show that the neutron irradiation results in the formation of dislocations and voids of size larger 1 nm at all irradiation temperatures and in all W grades. The dislocation and void density decreases with increasing irradiation temperature. Moreover, the void size increases with the increase of the irradiation temperature.

Positron annihilation spectroscopy investigation of defects in neutron irradiated tungsten materials