Citrullination

Biology

Gene

Citrulline

Arginine

Histone

Computational biology

Cell biology

Epigenetics

Amino acid

Biochemistry

Trends in Cell Biology

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent enzymes that mediate citrullination, an irreversible post-translational modification (PTM). PAD enzymes have received increasing attention in (patho-)physiology since multi-omics analysis accelerated their expression profiling. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of PAD expression at the RNA and protein levels, and a list of annotated substrates per PAD isozyme. We discuss novel roles of citrullination in cellular growth, epigenetic regulation, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and cancer in mouse models and humans.

Insights into peptidylarginine deiminase expression and citrullination pathways