Physics

Fusion

Signal strength

Energy (signal processing)

Computer network

Mathematics

Bluetooth

Wireless

Gene

Multilateration

Statistics

Engineering

Philosophy

Artificial intelligence

Wireless sensor network

Acoustics

Chemistry

Electronic engineering

Bluetooth Low Energy

Sensor fusion

Computer science

Linguistics

Real-time computing

Biochemistry

Node (physics)

Robustness (evolution)

Telecommunications

Ultrasonic sensor

IEEE Sensors Journal

The resilience of indoor localization systems is a main concern of their industrial application. A combination of different techniques can enhance the overall robustness of such systems. In this work, we present fusion possibilities of coarse Bluetooth Low Energy localization based on the received signal strength indicator and the finer ultrasound time difference of arrival (TDOA) technique. This approach offers the advantage to robustify the high-accuracy ultrasonic localization in areas with non-optimal coverage. Moreover, the data fusion enables to enhance the overall localization area in a cost effective manner. This contribution proposes and evaluates (i) novel methods of how the ultrasonic system can be extended to a constrained area and (ii) a novel possibility to incorporate available Bluetooth signal strength information in the TDOA algorithm to improve accuracy.

Multimodal Indoor Localization: Fusion Possibilities of Ultrasonic and Bluetooth Low-Energy Data