Intensive care medicine

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacteria

Biology

Ceftazidime/avibactam

Ceftazidime

Empiric therapy

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Meropenem

Antibiotic resistance

Genetics

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Antibiotics

Microbiology

Internal medicine

Imipenem

Medicine

Pneumonia

Tazobactam

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represent one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, carrying a significant morbidity and risk of mortality. Increasing antibiotic resistance among the common bacterial pathogens associated with HAP and VAP, especially Enterobacterales and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria, has made the choice of empiric treatment of these infections increasingly challenging. Moreover, failure of initial empiric therapy to cover the causative agents associated with HAP and VAP has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of antibiotics newly approved or in development for the treatment of HAP and VAP. The approved antibiotics include ceftobiprole, ceftolozane–tazobactam, ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–relebactam, and cefiderocol. Their major advantages include their high activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens.

New Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia