Internal medicine

Androgen

Sex hormone-binding globulin

Diabetes mellitus

Bioinformatics

Biology

Gene

Endocrinology

Genotype

Oncology

Insulin resistance

Mendelian randomization

Genetic variants

Polycystic ovary

Genetics

Hormone

Medicine

Trends in Genetics

Identifying etiological risk factors is significant for preventing and treating patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Through genetic variation, Mendelian randomization (MR) assesses causal associations between PCOS risk and related exposure factors. This emerging technology has provided evidence of causal associations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, menopause age, adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), depression, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and forced vital capacity (FVC) with PCOS, while lacking associations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, anxiety disorder (AD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), and offspring birth weight with PCOS.

Mendelian randomization analyses for PCOS: evidence, opportunities, and challenges