Bubble

Software system

Software construction

Embedded system

White box

Application programming interface

Operating system

Cardiology

Web service

Computer science

Visual arts

Architecture

Maximum bubble pressure method

Rest (music)

Software

Black box

Database

Interface (matter)

Architectural style

Artificial intelligence

Medicine

Software engineering

Programming language

White-box testing

Software development

Unit testing

Representational state transfer

Software Testing Verification and Reliability

RESTful APIs (or REST APIs for short) represent a mainstream approach to design and develop web APIs using the REpresentational State Transfer architectural style. Black‐box testing, which assumes only the access to the system under test with a specific interface, is the only viable option when white‐box testing is impracticable. This is the case for REST APIs: their source code is usually not (or just partially) available, or a white‐box analysis across many dynamically allocated distributed components (typical of a micro‐services architecture) is computationally challenging. This paper presents RestTestGen , a novel black‐box approach to automatically generate test cases for REST APIs, based on their interface definition (an OpenAPI specification). Input values and requests are generated for each operation of the API under test with the twofold objective of testing nominal execution scenarios and error scenarios. Two distinct oracles are deployed to detect when test cases reveal implementation defects. While this approach is mainly targeting the research community, it is also of interest to developers because, as a black‐box approach, it is universally applicable across different programming languages, or in the case external (compiled only) libraries are used in a REST API. The validation of our approach has been performed on more than 100 of real‐world REST APIs, highlighting the effectiveness of the approach in revealing actual faults in already deployed services.

Automated black‐box testing of nominal and error scenarios in RESTful APIs