Physics

Molecular imaging

Biotechnology

Neuroscience

Nanotechnology

In vivo

Characterization (materials science)

Dual (grammatical number)

Biology

Literature

World Wide Web

Engineering

Psychology

Functional imaging

Biochemical engineering

Chemistry

Materials science

Medical physics

Positron emission tomography

Computer science

Multimodality

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

Quantum mechanics

Preclinical imaging

Medicine

Fluorescence

Bioconjugate Chemistry

Molecular imaging is a biomedical research discipline that has quickly emerged to afford the observation, characterization, monitoring, and quantification of biomarkers and biological processes in living organism. It covers a large array of imaging techniques, each of which provides anatomical, functional, or metabolic information. Multimodality, as the combination of two or more of these techniques, has proven to be one of the best options to boost their individual properties, hence offering unprecedented tools for human health. In this review, we will focus on the combination of positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging from the specific perspective of the chemical synthesis of dual imaging agents. Based on a detailed analysis of the literature, this review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the chemical strategies implemented to build adequate imaging tools considering radiohalogens and radiometals as positron emitters, fluorescent dyes mostly emitting in the NIR window and all types of targeting vectors.

PET/Fluorescence Imaging: An Overview of the Chemical Strategies to Build Dual Imaging Tools