Ethnology

Negotiation

Philosophy

Northern ireland

Referendum

Citizenship

Gender studies

Sovereignty

Archaeology

Economics

Anthropology

Business

International trade

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Dilemma

Politics

Geography

Political science

Epistemology

Human evolution

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Political economy

Sociology

Framing (construction)

Brexit

Public administration

Medicine

Pandemic

Disease

European union

Devolution (biology)

Pathology

Citizenship Studies

Northern Ireland (NI) has pervasively been a fragile and often disputed city-regional nation. Despite NI's slim majority in favour of remaining in the EU, de facto Brexit, post-pandemic challenges and the Northern Ireland Protocol (NIP) have revealed a dilemma: people of all political hues have started to question aspects of their own citizenship. Consequently, this article suggests an innovative approach called 'Algorithmic Nations' to better articulate its emerging/complex citizenship regimes for this divided and post-conflict society in which identity borders and devolution may be facilitated through blockchain technology. This article assesses implications of this dilemma for a city-regionalised nation enmeshed within the UK, Ireland and Europe. This article explores digital citizenship in NI by applying 'Algorithmic Nations' framework particularly relating to intertwined (i) cross-bordering, (ii) critical awareness, (iii) digital activism and (iv) post-pandemic realities and concludes with three dilemmas and how 'Algorithmic Nations' framing could better integrate NI's digital citizenship.

The dilemmas around digital citizenship in a post-Brexit and post-pandemic Northern Ireland: towards an algorithmic nation?